Variation in airborne fungal spore concentrations among five monitoring locations in a desert urban environment

Tanviben Y Patel,Dennis A Bazylinski,David Rivas,Chad Cross,Joram Seggev,Mark Buttner

doi:10.1007/s10661-018-7008-5

Tanviben Y Patel, Dennis A Bazylinski + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7008-5

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Abstract

Fungal spores are biological particles that are ubiquitous in the outdoor air. Spores of several very common fungal species are known allergens, with the potential to cause respiratory illnesses by exacerbating asthma and allergic rhinitis. The National Allergy Bureau typically has one monitoring station established per city to determine fungal spore counts for an entire metropolitan area. However, variations in fungal spore concentrations could occur among different locations. The objective of this study was to measure and compare airborne fungal spore concentrations in five locations in Las Vegas for the year 2015 to determine if there are differences among microenvironments in the city. Twenty-four-hour or 7-day air samples were collected from five sites across the Las Vegas Valley. Samples were analyzed with a light microscope for fungal spores and counts were converted to concentrations of spores per volume of air. Mixed-model methods were used to evaluate mean differences. Results showed that smuts (basidiomycetes) were the dominant spore type for all five sites during the spring season. Cladosporium species were responsible for the second most dominant spore type with the highest concentrations occurring during the summer and fall months. Results obtained from the five stations established in Las Vegas show that there are important variations among the sites regarding fungal spore concentrations. The data suggest that more sites and additional monitoring of outdoor allergens are needed to provide information necessary to inform the community of outdoor air quality conditions and their potential effects on public health. This study presents new outdoor fungal spore data for the southwest region of the USA, focused in the Las Vegas Valley.

Highlights

Fungal spores are biological particles ubiquitous in the outdoor air
The objective of this study was to measure and compare airborne fungal spore concentrations in five locations in Las Vegas to determine whether differences occur between microenvironments within the city
The fungal reproductive season typically starts at the beginning of the spring and peaks in the summer in the Las Vegas Valley

Summary

Introduction

Fungal spores are biological particles ubiquitous in the outdoor air. They typically range in size from 2 to 50 μm in diameter, with most allergenic spores in the respirable size range of 3 to 10 μm (Filippo et al 2013; Yang and Johanning 2007). Meteorological and climate conditions, such as temperature and relative humidity, influence the concentrations of spores in the air (Ponce-Caballero et al 2013). During high concentrations of fungal spores in the outdoor air, there are relatively higher concentrations found indoors because outdoor spores are transported indoors through air conditioning systems, windows, and doors (Ponce-Caballero et al 2013)

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