Variation Among Infectious Diseases Pharmacists for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Abstract

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) remains complex, in that optimal treatment for patients, including complicated or persistent infection, remains unclear. Two recent surveys have demonstrated practice variations in SAB among infectious diseases (ID) physicians. Objectives: The purpose of this survey was to examine practice variations in SAB among ID pharmacists. Methods: A thirty-five-question survey was electronically distributed to the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Infectious Diseases Practice and Research Network (IDPRN) in Fall 2019 to determine differences in SAB management. Data were analyzed utilizing Pearson’s Chi-Square or Fisher’s Exact Test. Results: A total of 106 ID pharmacists responded. Only 28% of pharmacists practiced at hospitals with mandatory ID consultation for SAB. A majority (75%) had rapid diagnostic technology (RDT) for identifying SABSI, but 32% of those facilities with RDT did not notify pharmacy with results. Anti-staphylococcal penicillins were preferred for MSSA blood stream infections (BSI) in patients with central nervous system infection and endocarditis, whereas cefazolin was favored for other MSSA BSI. For persistent MRSA BSI, 34% selected daptomycin alone while 38% elected to combine daptomycin and ceftaroline. Pharmacists at hospitals less than 500 beds were more likely to use daptomycin, while those at larger hospitals were more likely to use daptomycin and ceftaroline for persistent MRSA BSI (P < .05). Conclusions: A survey of ID pharmacists showed variation in the management of SABs, as well as the definition and treatment of persistent SAB. Mandatory ID consultation and RDT use to improve SAB management have not been optimized.