Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the spatial and temporal variation of the composition and abundance of the ichthyoplankton in the tidal channels of the Maraca-Jipioca island, at the Amapa coast. The surface water temperature and salinity presented mean values of 28.5 o C and 11 respectively. The lowest rainfall (124 mm) was recorded in November, and the largest was recorded in May (679 mm). A total of 18,191 fish larvae were captured andclassified into 36 taxa (18 species). The families Eleotridae and Gobiidae were dominant contributing with 90% of the total larvae captured. Among the species of economic interest, we captured larvae of Sciaenidae ( Cynoscion acoupa , C. leiarchus , Micropogonias furnieri and Stellifer rastrifer ) and others, as Elops sp., Caranx sp., Centropomus sp., Lutjanus sp., Mugil sp. and Arius sp. The highest density of larvae occurred in the inner areas of the channels, where the highest temperatures and lower salinities were recorded. The temporal distribution is probably associated with the seasonal rainfall regime and the local hydrodynamics. The spatial distribution of larvae indicated high faunal similarity between the sites. However, we emphasize the importance of these environments as breeding areas for fish species with ecological and economic importance, emphasizing the value of protection areas for the maintenance of fish stocks. Further studies in the region are recommended to increase the information on the ecology of early life stages of fish. Keywords: fish larvae; spatial and temporal distribution; coastal environment; northern region.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to describe the spatial and temporal variation of the composition and abundance of the ichthyoplankton in the tidal channels of the Maracá-Jipioca island, at the Amapá coast
The families Eleotridae and Gobiidae were dominant contributing with 90% of the total larvae captured
The highest density of larvae occurred in the inner areas of the channels, where the highest temperatures and lower salinities were recorded
Summary
Os ecossistemas costeiros apresentam regimes de marés e correntes, fazendo com que os processos de escoamento adquiram atributos bastante complexos (MIRANDA et al., 2002), caracterizando-os como ambientes dinâmicos e biologicamente diversificados (MONTEIRO-NETTO et al., 2008), habitados por vários organismos marinhos que representam importantes recursos naturais e econômicos (GURGEL et al, 2012). Apesar das grandes variações quanto à utilização dos ambientes estuarinos pela ictiofauna desovante na região norte do Brasil, o comportamento mais comum é observado pelas espécies de peixes oceânicos e neríticos que utilizam os diversos canais de marés, presentes nos estuários, como. O presente estudo faz uma análise exploratória com o objetivo de fornecer informações ecológicas sobre as espécies de peixes que utilizam, no início do ciclo de vida, os canais de maré na costa do Amapá, além de caracterizar a variação espaço-temporal e suas relações com algumas variáveis ambientais (índice pluviométrico, temperatura e salinidade), subsidiando a implantação de políticas de gestão ambiental visando a conservação dos recursos pesqueiros e manutenção da diversidade local e de regiões adjacentes
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