Variants of Modern Treatment of Patients with Chronic Hemorrhoids

Abstract

Hemorrhoids are one of the most widespread diseases of the adult population in industrialized countries. It has been established that in people over 40 years of age, the symptoms of hemorrhoids are found in 60-70% of cases. The share of hemorrhoids, in the structure of coloproctological diseases, accounts for about 40%.In recent years, minimally invasive methods of treating hemorrhoids have already been firmly introduced into the daily practice of coloproctologists. The advantages of these methods over surgical interventions are the possibility of their use on an outpatient basis, without disability; high efficiency in the initial stages of the disease; a small number of complications.The most commonly used minimally invasive methods are:hardware ligation of hemorrhoids with latex rings, sclerotherapy, infrared photocoagulation of hemorrhoids,suture ligation of hemorrhoidal arteries under the control of dopplerometry, electrocoagulation of hemorrhoids.The indication for minimally invasive surgical interventions is uncomplicated internal hemorrhoids I - III stages.When choosing a method for treating patients with hemorrhoids, it is advisable to use a classification that divides chronic hemorrhoids into stage IV.Contraindications include: a combination of hemorrhoids with an anal fissure, rectal fistula, inflammatory diseases of the anal canal and perineum, acute hemorrhoids.Ligation of hemorrhoids with latex rings is the most frequently used technique (30-80%), and sclerotherapy, due to the frequent development of complications (10-45%), is used less and less. Other methods of minimally invasive treatment are used in less than 5% of cases.