Variance in Autism Prevalence: Links With State-Level Autism Resources

Abstract

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has varied over time and across the United States. This variability is likely related to external factors, such as regional differences in ASD-related resources. The study reported on here examined the links between ASD prevalence as measured by Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Part B child count data and four aspects of state infrastructure (health care and insurance policies, clinical resources, research infrastructure, and awareness-raising individuals/organizations). This study also investigated whether these constructs varied by geographical region. The data for this study were abstracted from publicly available databases. Information on state infrastructure was gathered from high-quality reports, resource guides, certificant registries, and databases. More comprehensive ASD-relevant insurance and health care policies, more clinical resources, and greater research infrastructure were associated with higher ASD state prevalence rates as measured by the IDEA Part B child count data. Prevalence of ASD was higher in eastern U.S. states compared with southern U.S. states, but state-level ASD resources did not statistically significantly differ across geographic regions. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.