Variables affecting the methylation reactions of cellulose

Abstract

AbstractSolubility of methyl cellulose (MC) depends on the degree of substitution (DS), the average degree of polymerization (DP), and the distribution of methoxyl groups. Of these, the DS appears to be the most important. The DS of the MC depends on the conditions of preparation. The conditions studied in this work revealed that the DS of the MC increased as the concentration of sodium hydroxide increased from 10 to 50%. This result is attributed to the increase in the extent of formation of alkali cellulose II as a result of the increase in the alkali concentration and hence the increase of the DS of the MC. Decreasing both the ratio of dimethyl sulfate: cellulose and the liquor ratio increased the DS. High DS was achieved within a period of 2 and 3 h. However, the DS increased as the time increased. The decrease of the DS as the liquor ratio increased may be attributed to the sol–gel transition due to the interaction of the hydrophobic methoxyl groups within the polymer chains. To reveal the effect of the thermal sol–gel transition, the reaction was carried out in nonaqueous medium and the results obtained showed an increase of the DS with the increase of the solvent ratio until a maximum. This result may be contributed to the breakdown of the hydrogen bonding in the presence of solvents that transfer the reaction medium to the sol‐form and hence more methylating reaction takes place. The degree of the solvation of the methyl groups into the solvents also plays a role. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.