Abstract
A novel variable transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic (TE–TM) mode splitter using nickel diffusion and annealed proton-exchange waveguides for the TE and TM branches of the splitter is presented. Due to the single-polarization property of the annealed proton-exchange waveguide, the measured polarization extinction ratio for the TE mode is higher than that reported. The measured polarization extinction ratio for the TM mode is as good as that reported, yet the fabrication process of single nickel diffusion is much simpler than that of double zinc-and-nickel diffusions. Moreover, the tunabilities of both TE and TM modes are found to be higher than those reported.
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