Abstract
We demonstrated and investigated, both theoretically and experimentally, the transformation of cylindrical vector beams with an embedded phase singularity under the condition of focusing perpendicularly to the axis of the anisotropic calcite crystal. Theoretical and numerical analysis, performed on the basis of decomposing the light field into a set of plane waves for an anisotropic medium, allowed us to study the dependence of the structural transformation of the initial laser beam on the polarisation and phase state in detail. The proposed approach allows one to perform the visual recognition of cylindrically-polarised vector beams of various orders and can be used for the demultiplexing of information channels in the case of polarisation-division multiplexing. The experimentally-obtained results agree with the theoretical findings and demonstrate the reliability of the approach.
Highlights
We demonstrated and investigated, both theoretically and experimentally, the transformation of cylindrical vector beams with an embedded phase singularity under the condition of focusing perpendicularly to the axis of the anisotropic calcite crystal
It is possible to observe the transformation of the initial circularly-polarised beam with non-zero spin angular momentum into a laser beam with non-zero orbital angular momentum. These effects can be produced by focusing laser radiation along the axis of an anisotropic crystal, due to the interaction of the ordinary and extraordinary beams[14]
In order to introduce into the initial cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) a complex singular phase of superposition of optical vortices, we used a spatial light modulator (SLM)
Summary
Both theoretically and experimentally, the transformation of cylindrical vector beams with an embedded phase singularity under the condition of focusing perpendicularly to the axis of the anisotropic calcite crystal. When the generated field is focused perpendicularly to the axis of an anisotropic crystal, a selective (polarisation-dependent) astigmatic transformation of the individual components of the electric field occurs This phenomenon has been studied previously in uniformly-polarised vortex beams[24]. The combination of CVBs with a singular phase, on the one hand, provides an additional degree of freedom of the formed distributions[34,35,36,37,38], but on the other hand, their interaction leads to unexpected effects, including polarisation transformations[39,40,41] These effects require additional research, especially when focusing inside an anisotropic medium
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