Abstract
There is significant interest in understanding the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in alleviating different types of plant stress. Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem) is a moderately drought tolerant, perennial bunchgrass native to North America. The goal of this experiment was to evaluate whether the addition of a bacterial root isolate in the Pseudomonas genus promoted the growth of S. scoparium with changes in water availability. Pseudomonas are common rhizobacteria and have been shown to improve plant growth. It was hypothesized that plants inoculated with the PGPR strain would have greater growth and health, and would be less affected by shifts in water availability. Pseudomonas strains were isolated from the roots of native S. scoparium plants. After germination, S. scoparium seedlings were subjected to four treatment groups: low water; high water; low water with PGPR; and high water with PGPR. The experiment was run three times with plants at different starting ages; 14-, 28-, and 70-day-old plants. The effects of the water and PGPR treatments were variable between the experimental trials. There were no significant effects of the water treatments on plant growth in Trial 1 (14-day-old plants) or Trial 2 (28-day-old plants), however, there was a significant negative effect of the high watering treatment on the shoot length and biomass in Trial 3. High water availability was significantly associated with greater plant health in Trial 1, but appeared to reduce plant health in Trials 2 and 3. The PGPR treatment appeared to promote root growth and biomass in Trial 2, and was associated with greater plant health in all three trials, especially when paired with the low water treatment. Results from a permutational MANOVA indicate that plant growth was significantly different between the trials due to differences in the starting age of the plants and the duration of the experiments. Thus, methodological choices, such as plant life history stage and experiment duration, may affect the response of plants to PGPR in the rhizosphere. This research provides an insight into the interactions between PGPR and water availability on the growth and health of native plants.
Highlights
Interactions with both the abiotic and biotic components of a plant’s environment significantly impact its growth and reproduction (Lambers et al, 2008; Suzuki et al, 2014)
We evaluated whether the addition of a Pseudomonas plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) influences the growth and health of S. scoparium in response to environmental stress, differences in water availability, and whether these effects would be repeatable across different experimental trials
Our study demonstrates the complex factors that influence the effects of PGPR inoculation on plant growth and plant health
Summary
Interactions with both the abiotic and biotic components of a plant’s environment significantly impact its growth and reproduction (Lambers et al, 2008; Suzuki et al, 2014). These include abiotic resources, such as water, temperature, light, and nutrients, as well as other organisms, including competitors, herbivores, pathogens, and beneficial microorganisms. Rootassociated microorganisms, known as rhizosphere microorganisms, form complex, and often beneficial, interactions with plants They can promote plant growth by shifting biotic conditions in soil, primarily through decreasing infection by microbial pathogens (Cook et al, 1995; El-Sayed et al, 2014). The complex interactions between plants, rhizobacteria, and the abiotic environment are critical to understanding the many factors affecting plant growth
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