Variability of subsequent blood pressure measurements carried out among adult volunteers

Abstract

Background. Arterial hypertension (AH) affects 31% of Polish adult population. However, proper evaluation of blood pressure (BP) is compromised by the phenomenon of its variability. The purpose of the study was to assess the variability of subsequent BP measurements and to define its determining factors. Material and methods. Data were collected among volunteers during World Hypertension Day 2017 in Krakow. Information about socio-demographic status, cardiovascular risk factors and concomitant diseases were obtained with use of standardized questionnaires. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate were measured thrice. The differences between consecutive measurements were analysed. Results. The study included 419 participants (age 48.7 ± 19.6 years; 56.1% females). The first SBP and DBP measurements were significantly higher than the second and the third one. In multiple regression analysis — age, first BP value and sex were significantly related with BP variability. Elevated BP among subjects without previous history of AH was detected in 119 participants (diagnosis based on the 1 st BP reading) and in 79 when diagnosis was based on the average of the 2 nd and 3 rd measurements. Conclusions. Consecutive BP measurements are highly variable. These differences are gender-related and the extend of BP decline is determined significantly by the first BP value. Correct measurement and interpretation of the BP is essential in the diagnosis and management of AH. The combination of the 2 nd and 3 rd reading seems to be favourable over single reading; therefore, multiple BP measurements should be recommended even in screening actions.