Abstract
Black poplar (Popuius nigra L.) belongs to endangered species of Serbia that grow in wetlands. This research was conducted on the Great War Island, which is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, in Belgrade. This research aimed to determine the survival rate and growth dynamics of seedlings of different black poplar clones in the first year after planting in the flood conditions of the Great War Island. Recording of surviving seedlings and measurements of heights and diameters were performed in 2019, firstly in the spring (April IB, 2019), the second time during the summer (July IS, 2019), after the flooding period, and the third time in the autumn (October 4,2019), at the end of the vegetation period. The results of descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), and cluster analysis are presented in this paper. Based on the obtained results, the highest survival rate after the flooding period was recorded in clone number 9 (85.70%), in which 78.60% of seedlings survived at the end of the vegetation period. It can be stated that the seedlings of black poplar clone number 9, based on a high survival rate, have the potential to be used for afforestation of wetlands, such as the Great War Island. However, the seedlings of this clone showed significantly lower values of measured heights and diameters, compared to the seedlings of most clones and mostly the seedlings were damaged. On the other hand, seedlings of clone 3 were superior based on the mean values of heights and diameters, obtained after the measurements in all three periods, including the period after flooding. Seedlings of this clone had a satisfactory survival rate, but it was constantly declining. Clone number 1 showed the lowest results, both in terms of survival at the end of the vegetation period and in terms of mean heights and diameters of seedlings. When using this species, special attention should be paid to preserving the gene pool and avoiding the establishment of commercial monoclonal plantations, especially in protected areas such as the Landscape of Outstanding Features "Great War Island".
Highlights
IntroductionTĞƚůĂŶĚƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĨůŽŽĚƉůĂŝŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ŽĨ KƵƚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ &ĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ͞'ƌĞĂƚ tĂƌ /ƐůĂŶĚ;serb͞sĞůŝŬŽƌĂƚŶŽŽƐƚƌǀŽͿĂƌĞŝŶĂĚĚŝͲ ƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞŝƌŐƌĞĂƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ sZ//>/dzK&^>/E'^hZs/s>E'ZKtd,K&/&&ZEd>Z;WŽƉƵůƵƐŶŝŐƌĂ>͘Ϳ͘͘Žƌ ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ ƚŽ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ƐŵĂůů ĂƌĞĂƐ ;EŽŶŝđ aŝũĂēŝđͲEŝ ŬŽ ů ŝ đϮϬϮϭͿKŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŐůŽďĂůƉƌŽďͲ ůĞŵƐůĞĂĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŵĞŶƚŽĨƉůĂŶƚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŝƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ ůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞŵŽĚĞůƐƉƌĞĚŝĐƚĂŶŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶ ƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨŇŽŽĚƐǁŚŝĐŚǁŝůůƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůLJĂĨͲ ĨĞĐƚƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ĂŶĚƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŇŽŽĚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐĐĂŶĂīĞĐƚƚŚĞƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ŽĨƉůĂŶƚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ;WƵ ĐĐŝ Ăƌŝ Ğů ů Ž et al͘ϮϬϭκͿKĐĐĂƐŝŽŶĂůŽƌĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚŇŽŽĚŝŶŐŽĨ ůĂŶĚǁŝƚŚĨƌĞƐŚŽƌƐĂůƚǁĂƚĞƌŽĐĐƵƌƐĂƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨ ƌŝǀĞƌŇŽŽĚŝŶŐƐƚŽƌŵƐŽǀĞƌͲŝƌƌŝŐĂƟŽŶŝŶĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞĂŶĚƐƚŽƉƉŝŶŐƌŝǀĞƌŇŽǁďLJƌĂŝƐŝŶŐĚĂŵƐ ;tĂ ŝ Ŷǁ ƌ ŝ Ő ŚƚϭεΘϬ
KŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐ ŽĨ ǁĞƚůĂŶĚŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐŝƐƚŚĞďůĂĐŬƉŽƉůĂƌ;Populus nigra >͘Ϳ ĂŶ ĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚ ;Z&KZ'E ϮϬϬϯͿ Žƌ ŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚ;sĂ Ŷ Ě Ğ Ŷ ƌŽ Ğ Đ Ŭ ϮϬϬϯ DĂŬƐŝŵŽǀŝđ ϮϬϭρͿ ŶĂƟǀĞ ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ƐƉĞͲ ĐŝĞƐŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ/ƚŝƐĂůƐŽůŝƐƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞZĞĚŽŽŬŽĨ ŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚ ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞƐ ƚŚĞƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĚŝƐĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞŽĨďůĂĐŬƉŽƉͲ ůĂƌĨƌŽŵŶĂƚƵƌĂůŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ŽĨ ďůĂĐŬ ƉŽƉůĂƌ ŝƐ ǁŝĚĞ ;ƵƌŽƉĞ EŽƌƚŚ ĨƌŝĐĂ tĞƐƚ EŽƌƚŚ ĂŶĚ ĞŶƚƌĂůƐŝĂͿŝƚŝƐĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚŝŶŵŽƐƚŽĨŝƚƐƌĂŶŐĞ ĚƵĞƚŽĂŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŝŵƉĂĐƚ;ĂũĐet al͘ϮϬϮϬͿ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚĚĞŐƌĂĚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚůĂĐŬŽĨŐĞŶĞƟĐĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ;sĂŶ Ě ĞŶ ƌŽ ĞĐŬϮϬϬϯͿ.
KŶůLJ Ă ĨĞǁ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ďůĂĐŬ ƉŽƉůĂƌ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚŝŶ^ĞƌďŝĂ;KƌůŽǀŝđ et al͘ϮϬϬρͿ dŚĞĂƌĞĂŽĐĐƵƉŝĞĚďLJďůĂĐŬƉŽƉůĂƌŝŶŶĂƚƵƌĂůŚĂďͲ ŝƚĂƚƐŝŶ^ĞƌďŝĂŝƐĚĞĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞLJĞĂƌƐĚƵĞƚŽ ĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ĚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐĚƵĞƚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚƌĞƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚďLJĨĂƐƚͲŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ƉŽƉůĂƌĐůŽŶĞƐ aŝũĂēŝđ ͲE ŝ ŬŽ ů ŝ đ et al;ϮϬϭκͿƉŽŝŶƚŽƵƚƚŚƌĞĞ ŬĞLJ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ŽĨ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐŽĨŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐƉŽƉůĂƌƐƚŚĞĚŝƐĂƉƉĞĂƌͲ ĂŶĐĞŽĨǁĞƚĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĚƵĞƚŽŚƵŵĂŶĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ǁŚŝĐŚĂƌĞƚŚĞďĂƐŝĐŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƌĞͲ ƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ƐƚĂŶĚƐ ŽĨ ĂƵƚŽĐŚƚŚŽŶŽƵƐ ƉŽƉůĂƌ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ĨĂƐƚͲŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ŚLJďƌŝĚƉŽƉůĂƌĐůŽŶĞƐĂŶĚŝŶƚƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨĐƵůƟǀĂƚͲ ĞĚĐůŽŶĞƐŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƉŽƉůĂƌƐƉĞĐŝĞƐdŚĞ Ăŝŵ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ǁĂƐ ƚŽ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĞǀĂƌŝĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƐƵƌǀŝǀĂůĂŶĚŐƌŽǁƚŚĚLJŶĂŵŝĐƐŽĨ ƐĞĞĚůŝŶŐƐŽĨŶŝŶĞďůĂĐŬƉŽƉůĂƌĐůŽŶĞƐŽƌŝŐŝŶĂƟŶŐ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ'ƌĞĂƚtĂƌ/ƐůĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚLJĞĂƌĂŌĞƌ ƉůĂŶƟŶŐŝŶƚŚŝƐĂƌĞĂůƐŽƚŚĞĂŝŵǁĂƐƚŽŝŶǀĞƐƟͲ ŐĂƚĞƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞŽĨďůĂĐŬƉŽƉůĂƌĐůŽŶĞƐ ƚŽƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌƐƚĂŐŶĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞŇŽŽĚƉůĂŝŶĂƌĞĂŽĨ ƚŚĞ'ƌĞĂƚtĂƌ/ƐůĂŶĚ
Summary
TĞƚůĂŶĚƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĨůŽŽĚƉůĂŝŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ŽĨ KƵƚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ &ĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ͞'ƌĞĂƚ tĂƌ /ƐůĂŶĚ;serb͞sĞůŝŬŽƌĂƚŶŽŽƐƚƌǀŽͿĂƌĞŝŶĂĚĚŝͲ ƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞŝƌŐƌĞĂƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ sZ//>/dzK&^>/E'^hZs/s>E'ZKtd,K&/&&ZEd>Z;WŽƉƵůƵƐŶŝŐƌĂ>͘Ϳ͘͘Žƌ ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ ƚŽ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ƐŵĂůů ĂƌĞĂƐ ;EŽŶŝđ aŝũĂēŝđͲEŝ ŬŽ ů ŝ đϮϬϮϭͿKŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŐůŽďĂůƉƌŽďͲ ůĞŵƐůĞĂĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŵĞŶƚŽĨƉůĂŶƚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŝƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ ůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞŵŽĚĞůƐƉƌĞĚŝĐƚĂŶŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶ ƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨŇŽŽĚƐǁŚŝĐŚǁŝůůƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůLJĂĨͲ ĨĞĐƚƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ĂŶĚƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŇŽŽĚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐĐĂŶĂīĞĐƚƚŚĞƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ŽĨƉůĂŶƚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ;WƵ ĐĐŝ Ăƌŝ Ğů ů Ž et al͘ϮϬϭκͿKĐĐĂƐŝŽŶĂůŽƌĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚŇŽŽĚŝŶŐŽĨ ůĂŶĚǁŝƚŚĨƌĞƐŚŽƌƐĂůƚǁĂƚĞƌŽĐĐƵƌƐĂƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨ ƌŝǀĞƌŇŽŽĚŝŶŐƐƚŽƌŵƐŽǀĞƌͲŝƌƌŝŐĂƟŽŶŝŶĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞĂŶĚƐƚŽƉƉŝŶŐƌŝǀĞƌŇŽǁďLJƌĂŝƐŝŶŐĚĂŵƐ ;tĂ ŝ Ŷǁ ƌ ŝ Ő ŚƚϭεΘϬ
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