Variability of Performance and Kinematics of Different Shot Put Techniques in Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes-A Preliminary Study.

Andrzej Mastalerz,Jerzy Sadowski

doi:10.3390/ijerph19031751

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to analyze the variability of performance and kinematics of different shot put techniques in elite athletes (group A: 5 athletes using the rotational technique and 3 athletes using the glide technique) and sub-elite athletes (group B: 3 athletes using the rotational technique and 3 athletes using the glide technique). Each athlete performed 6 trials. Only 34 trials in group A and 27 trials in group B were analyzed. Two high-speed digital cameras were positioned 8 m from the center of the shot put throwing circle. All throws performed during international and national competitions were analyzed using the Ariel Performance Analysis System. To estimate variability of kinematic parameters, the value of relative error was calculated. The average relative error generally showed low variability for the analyzed indicators. In only 4 analyzed cases, variability was high (>20%). Statistical analysis was used to find indicators which have a significant influence on the distance of the throw (according to the sports level and technique). Significant inverse correlations (at p < 0.05) between the distance and the average relative error of the selected indicators were mainly obtained, which meant that the distance was longer when the value of variability (average relative error) was low. The research results show that greater repeatability of the technique (lower RE) has a significant impact on the length of the shot put.

Highlights

Several throwing techniques of the shot put have been trialed over the years
The research results show that greater repeatability of the technique has a significant impact on the length of the shot put
The rotational technique is traditionally separated into six phases and involves approximately two rotations of the body before implementing the release, during which an athlete generates large forces within short time frames to project the shot into the sector

Summary

Introduction

Several throwing techniques of the shot put (glide, rotational, leg reverse, shuffle) have been trialed over the years. The gliding technique involves a linear push out of the back to the front of the circle while facing away from the sector. Shot putters rotate their body toward the throwing section, putting the shot for maximum distance. The rotational technique is traditionally separated into six phases and involves approximately two rotations of the body before implementing the release, during which an athlete generates large forces within short time frames to project the shot into the sector. The thrower must generate speed, multiply it by using the chain of power in their body and transfer it into the throw. The amount of shot put force mainly depends on the power, Int. J.

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