Abstract
Twenty-eight callus culture cell lines established from shoot tip explants of mature Acer pseudoplatanus L. (sycamore) trees growing at seven metal-contaminated and three uncontaminated sites were screened for metal resistance. Patterns of Cu, Cd and Zn resistance were identified that were related to predicted toxicity of these metals in soils at the sites of origin, adjacent to metal-processing industries and mining spoils. Cell lines established from trees growing at primarily Pb- and Zn-contaminated sites with high soil pH (pH above 6.4) and limited metal bioavailability were no more resistant than those originating from uncontaminated sites. Patterns of metal removal from the media by callus only reflected resistance traits in the case of Ni-resistant cell lines from Zn-contaminated sites, in which callus contained between 30 and 100% less Ni. The results provide evidence that differences exist in patterns of metal resistance in trees according to previous exposure to specific metals. It remains to be understood why traits induced by acclimation are readily expressed in tissue culture and then remain stable in the absence of the toxic metal.
Published Version
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