Abstract
Rhodiola rosea L. (roseroot) is an adaptogen plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family. The broad spectrum of biological activity of R. rosea is attributed to its major phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids: rosavin, salidroside, rosin, cinnamyl alcohol, and tyrosol. In this study, we compared the content of phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids in rhizomes of R. rosea from the Norwegian germplasm collection collected in 2004 and in 2017. In general, the content of these bioactive compounds in 2017 was significantly higher than that observed in 2004. The freeze-drying method increased the concentration of all phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids in rhizomes compared with conventional drying at 70 °C. As far as we know, the content of salidroside (51.0 mg g−1) observed in this study is the highest ever detected in Rhodiola spp. Long-term vegetative propagation and high genetic diversity of R. rosea together with the freeze-drying method may have led to the high content of the bioactive compounds observed in the current study.
Highlights
Rhodiola rosea L. (accepted name Sedum roseum (L.) Scop. according to www.theplantlist.org), known as roseroot, artic-root, or golden root, is an adaptogen plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family [1,2,3,4,5]
The amount of water lost using drying at 70 ◦ C was between 74.19% and 78.28%, while water lost using freeze-drying at −130 ◦ C was slightly higher and varied from 75.17% to 78.62%
We compared the content of phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids rosavin, salidroside, rosin, cinnamyl alcohol, and tyrosol in plants from the Norwegian germplasm collection of R. rosea first collected in 2001 and analyzed in 2004 [26] and collected and analyzed in 2017
Summary
Rhodiola rosea L. (accepted name Sedum roseum (L.) Scop. according to www.theplantlist.org), known as roseroot, artic-root, or golden root, is an adaptogen plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family [1,2,3,4,5]. R. rosea is distributed in China, Russia, Central, Northern Europe, and North America. In Scandinavia, R. rosea has been used as a traditional adaptogen agent for a long time, and the Vikings used it to enhance their physical performance, strength, and endurance [6]. R. rosea rhizomes are mostly collected from natural habitats, and due to the intensive collection, natural populations are highly threatened [14,15]. R. rosea has become a threatened plant species in many countries [15,16,17,18], and in Bulgaria the species is listed on the red list as an endangered plant species [19]. The intensive harvesting of the natural populations as a consequence of the rapidly
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