Variability of economically valuable parameters of early ripe (FAO 150-199) corn hybrides in the lower Volga region

Abstract

The article discusses the results of the ecological testing of hybrids (2008-2018) of maize (FAO 150-199), created in different breeding centers of Russia. The volume of the nursery for the environmental testing of ESI-1 hybrids varied in the range of 21-46 items. The coefficients of asymmetry and excess of grain yield, harvesting moisture and biochemical parameters are not significant at the 5% level, that is, the distribution of parameters is normal. An important feature of the long-term study of hybrids at the test point of the Federal State Budget Scientific Research Institution of RosNIISK Rossorgo is a significant variation in the hydrothermal coefficient (0.32-1.1). The experience (2010) showed a sharp decrease in the grain yield of maize hybrids (more than 2 times) in conditions of extreme drought, especially manifested in the second half of the growing season. Period 2012-2018 differs in relatively stable productivity of the standard and the best corn hybrids created at the National Research University of Russia. The ranking of hybrids by average productivity is in the following sequence: KS> (Krasnodar 194 MV)> Vo> Kr> YUV> Ze> Dp> Ik> Po> Fo> Om. Harvesting grain moisture indicates the technological feasibility of drying the grain of early ripe maize hybrids, since the real excess moisture can be removed without significant difficulties. The ranking of hybrids by average productivity is in the following sequence: KS> (Krasnodar 194 MV)> Vo> Kr> YUV > Ze> Dp> Ik> Po> Fo> Om. Harvesting grain moisture indicates the technological feasibility of drying the grain of early ripe maize hybrids, since the real excess moisture can be removed without significant difficulties. Hybrids are ranked according to the average value of grain harvesting moisture: Ik <Om <Фо <st (Krasnodar 194 MV) <KS <Po <Dp < YUV <Vo <Ze <Kr. The experiment revealed a variation in the biochemical composition of the grain of maize hybrids. The ranking of the best hybrids by crude protein content is presented in the following alternation: Dp <Ze <Vo <KS <Kr <Ik <Fo <Po <Om < st Krasnodar 194 MV) < YUV.