Variability of Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin and Bisdemethoxycurcumin Contents in Ethanolic Extract from Ten Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Cultivated in West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Ten accessions of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. were grown under the same environment in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia was investigated for curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin contents using HPLC. No significant variations were observed among C. aeruginosa accessions for all the studied compounds. According to the results, curcumin content (mg/100 g extract) varied between 1.08 in accession Kulonprogo to 3.19 in accession Gunung Kidul. The accessions Muara Bungo and Kulonprogo had the highest (1.66) and lowest (0.51) levels of demethoxycurcumin (mg/100 g extract). Also, bisdemethoxycurcumin content varied from 0.05 to 0.49 mg/100 g extract in accessions Ciampea Bogor and Purworejo, respectively. Finally, curcuminoid contents (mg/100 g extract), accumulation of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin contents, ranged from 1.64 to 5.05 in accessions Kulonprogo and Gunung Kidul, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that 10 accessions could be divided into three groups. Group 1 composed of Gunung Kidul, Muara Bungo, Pakem and Beringharjo accessions. These accessions characterized by high of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin contents. Group 2 formed two accessions (Klewer and Purworejo) that showed the high only bisdemethoxycurcumin content. Accessions of Kulonprogo, Losari Cirebon, Madura and Ciampea Bogor, in group 3, characterized by low curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin contents. In this study, Gunung Kidul, Muara Bungo, Pakem and Beringharjo accessions have a high in curcuminoid content that showed a high potential for use in future plant breeding programs.