Variability of Artemia salina cysts from Sabkhet El Adhibet (southeast Tunisia) with special regard to their use in aquaculture

Abstract

Brine shrimp Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca) diverge in biometry and nutritional quality. These differences in Artemia characteristics are significant not only from strain to strain but also from one harvest to another within same strain. The main objective of this study was to compare Artemia salina cysts harvested from Sabkhet El Adhibet (southeast Tunisia) on different dates between 2002 and 2007 with special regard to their use in aquaculture, using cysts and naupliar biometrics, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content. Fatty acid profiles as well as hatching characterisation were also evaluated. Hydrated cysts measures ranged between 258.1 and 263.7 μm, while the freshly hatched nauplii of Artemia measures ranged between 458.1 and 476.1 μm. Lipid contents of the samples ranged from 16.2 to 18.3% of the dry weight. Fatty acid profiles showed that cysts from Sabkhet El Adhibet contain a high quantity of eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5n-3) with a percentage ranging between 7.8 and 14.3% of the dry weight. The highest hatching efficiency was obtained for decapsulated cysts collected in 2007 (139500 nauplii g−1 of cysts). Cysts treated with hydrogen peroxide had a hatching percentage of 14.49 to 42.99%. The hatching synchronization time for untreated cysts varied between 23.5 to 27.4 h.