Variability in the stratospheric background aerosol over Mauna Loa Observatory

Abstract

The stratospheric aerosol layer above Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO), Hawaii, has been at low background levels for the past 5 years. This is the first time that an extended non‐volcanic background aerosol period has been observed since modern measurements began in the early 1960s. Lidar backscatter at 532 nm shows a distinct maximum in winter and minimum in summer. The five annual cycles have included three easterly phases and two westerly phases of the quasibiennial oscillation (QBO). Differences in aerosol backscatter versus altitude profiles are seen for different QBO phases. There is also a switching of about 25% in the magnitude of the aerosol backscatter on a weekly time scale with varying particle size derived from multiwavelength data. Assumption of a tropical particle source at background suggests that the differing particle regimes are tropical and midlatitude.