Abstract
Of the various proteins encoded by plant viruses, one of the most interesting is the movement protein (MP). MPs are unique to plant viruses and show surprising structural and functional variability while maintaining their core function, which is to facilitate the intercellular transport of viruses or viral nucleoprotein complexes. MPs interact with components of the intercellular channels, the plasmodesmata (PD), modifying their size exclusion limits and thus allowing larger particles, including virions, to pass through. The interaction of MPs with the components of PD, the formation of transport complexes and the recruitment of host cellular components have all revealed different facets of their functions. Multitasking is an inherent property of most viral proteins, and MPs are no exception. Some MPs carry out multitasking, which includes gene silencing suppression, viral replication and modulation of host protein turnover machinery. This review brings together the current knowledge on MPs, focusing on their structural variability, various functions and interactions with host proteins.
Highlights
Is a dedicated movement protein (MP) in the Potyvirus, turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) [76]; it directs the viral cylindrical inclusion protein (CI) to form PD-associated conical structures that assist in intercellular movement (Figure 4)
It is abundantly clear that MPs have evolved diverse mechanisms to accomplish their goal of ensuring the transport of viruses across the host imposed natural barriers and provoke a successful, productive systemic infection
MPs interact with a plethora of viral as well as host factors, facilitating the movement of the viral genomes to and through PD
Summary
The process of infection of plants with viruses is broadly divided into two types; local and systemic. Most of the plant viruses, if not all, encode a class of structurally diverse protein(s) known as movement protein (MP) that facilitates such intercellular adjustments for virus movements. These MPs have been reported to Academic Editor: Jesús. In this reIn addition, addition,there thereare areother otherviral viralproteins proteinsthat that mimic functionality In this view, wewe have chosen review, have chosentotobring bringtogether togetherrecent recentfindings findingson onMPs, MPs, interactions interactions that that they they share and and the the division division of of labor labor that that they they show show with with other other ancillary ancillary proteins proteins required required for for share theintercellular intercellularmovement movementofof plant viruses.
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