Abstract
Background and Objectives. Water stress is a major constraining factor of Eucalyptus plantations’ growth. Within a genetic improvement program, the selection of genotypes that improve drought resistance would help to improve productivity and to expand plantations. Leaf characteristics, among others, are important factors to consider when evaluating drought resistance evaluation, as well as the clone’s ability to modify leaf properties (e.g., stomatal density (d) and size, relative water content at the time of stomatal closure (RWCc), cuticular transpiration (Ec), specific leaf area (SLA)) according to growing conditions. Therefore, this study aimed at analyzing these properties in nursery plants of nine high-productivity Eucalyptus clones. Material and Methods: Five Eucalyptus globulus Labill. clones and four hybrids clones (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, 12€; Eucalyptus urograndis × E. globulus, HE; Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden–E. grandis × E. globulus, HG; Eucalyptus saligna Sm. × Eucalyptus maidenii F. Muell., HI) were studied. Several parameters relating to the aforementioned leaf traits were evaluated for 2.5 years. Results: Significant differences in stomatal d and size, RWCc, Ec, and SLA among clones (p < 0.001) and according to the dates (p < 0.001) were obtained. Each clone varied seasonally the characteristics of its new developing leaves to acclimatize to the growth conditions. The pore opening surface potential (i.e., the stomatal d × size) did not affect transpiration rates with full open stomata, so the water transpired under these conditions might depend on other leaf factors. The clones HE, HG, and 12€ were the ones that differed the most from the drought resistant E. globulus control clone (C14). Those three clones showed lower leaf epidermis impermeability (HE, HG, 12€), higher SLA (12€, HG), and lower stomatal control under moderate water stress (HE, HG) not being, therefore, good candidates to be selected for drought resistance, at least for these measured traits. Conclusions: These parameters can be incorporated into genetic selection and breeding programs, especially Ec, SLA, RWCc, and stomatal control under moderate water stress.
Highlights
Leaf morphology, stomatal characteristics (e.g., stomatal size and density (d)) and stomatal opening are closely linked to physiological activity and transpiration control, in turn related to growth and survival
Significant differences relating to d, stomatal size (SL, SW) and the SW/SL ratio among clones (p < 0.001) and among dates (p < 0.001) were detected (Tables 2 and 3)
The results obtained for SW, OW, and OL are not presented in more detail due to the high and significant correlations obtained: SL vs. SW (r = 0.746), SL vs. OL (r = 0.795), OL vs. OW
Summary
Leaf morphology (e.g., specific leaf area, SLA), stomatal characteristics (e.g., stomatal size and density (d)) and stomatal opening are closely linked to physiological activity and transpiration control, in turn related to growth and survival. Among others, are important factors to consider when evaluating drought resistance evaluation, as well as the clone’s ability to modify leaf properties (e.g., stomatal density (d) and size, relative water content at the time of stomatal closure (RWCc ), cuticular transpiration (Ec ), specific leaf area (SLA)) according to growing conditions. The clones HE, HG, and 12€ were the ones that differed the most from the drought resistant E. globulus control clone (C14) Those three clones showed lower leaf epidermis impermeability (HE, HG, 12€), higher SLA (12€, HG), and lower stomatal control under moderate water stress (HE, HG) not being, good candidates to be selected for drought resistance, at least for these measured traits. Conclusions: These parameters can be incorporated into genetic selection and breeding programs, especially Ec , SLA, RWCc , and stomatal control under moderate water stress
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