Abstract
Using spiroarteriocardiorhythmography, 202 highly qualified male athletes aged 22.6 ± 2.8 years, who are representatives of acyclic sports were examined. According to HRV (hearth rate variability), the types of the athletes' cardiac rhythm regulation were determined. There are 4 types of autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm: Type I – indicates moderate stress, Type II – indicates a decrease in the functional state of regulatory systems, the development of fatigue, Type III – indicates the optimal state of regulation, Type IV – indicates overstrain of autonomic regulation or high fitness. The athletes with a predominance of central (types I and II) and autonomous (types III and IV) effects on the cardiac rhythm regulation are differentiated by indicators of total respiration power (TPR, (l/min)2) and power in the high frequency range (HFR), (l/min)2). Athletes with the type IV cardiac rhythm regulation had a more significant contribution of the low-frequency component (LFRn, n.u.) in the regulation of spontaneous respiration than athletes with type I and II cardiac rhythm regulation. In the type II regulation of cardiac rhythm there is a significant decrease in expiratory duration (s), which is also manifested by a significant increase in the ratio of inspiratory and expiratory phases, which may characterize expiratory insufficiency for this type.
Highlights
There are a huge number of publications on the practical application of the method of heart rate variability (HRV), which is widely used in the “field conditions”, in various fields of medicine, physiology and sports [1,2,4,5,13,14,18,22,23,25,26,27,28,29,33,34,35,36,37,38]
Given the primacy of the respiratory circuit regulation of HRV [20,50,52,67,68,69], we proposed to study the variability of spontaneous respiration, because it is an integral indicator that takes into account both the frequency and volume variability of the respiratory process
Our results indicate that athletes with the different types of cardiac rhythm regulation at rest are differentiated by pattern of respiration (PR) and respiration variability (RV)
Summary
An important component of medical control over athletes within the training process is to determine the body’s functional reserves for targeted training process [1,2,3,4,5,6,7], as well as the establishment of systems that limit the possibility of training [8,9,10,11,12,13] and under certain conditions can lead to pre-pathological and pathological conditions connected with stress and failure of adaptation mechanisms [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] This circumstance requires the use of modern integrative methods of functional study of the organism in the “field conditions” [24,25,26,27,28,29]. We have proposed and implemented in the practice of medical research and medical control of athletes the study of spontaneous respiration variability (RV) for short intervals [45,46,47,48,49]
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