Abstract
Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schult. is wild diploid barley that has been used for the synthesis of the new cereal, tritordeum (× Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner). This species is distributed in Chile and Argentina where it is possible to find in natural populations. In this work, the gliadin fraction of the seed storage protein have been used for evaluating the genetic diversity in nine natural populations of H. chilense. The total diversity (Ht) in the nine populations was 0.879 (ranging from 0.926 for the ω-gliadins to 0.795 for the β-gliadins). Data showed that the 71.3% of this genetic diversity was between populations, whereas the 28.7% was within populations. This species is considered as self-pollinating, where gene flow within populations was mainly attributed to seed dispersal because of these materials appear distributed in cattle zones where the pasturing could be an efficient mechanism of dispersion.
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