Vapor Transport of Fission Products in Postulated Severe Light Water Reactor Accidents

Abstract

A methodology based on chemical thermodynamics has been developed to treat the transport of volatile fission products (FPs) through the core and the primary system. The FPs considered are cesium, iodine, tellurium, strontium, and ruthenium, which may pose the major biohazard in postulated severe accidents in light water reactors. The vapor transport of FPs depends on the volatilities of the chemical compounds that are formed in the carrier gas environment in which the FPs are released and transported. Chemically stable forms were evaluated by minimizing the total free energies of the FP/ fuel/gas environment systems. Many gaseous species for each FP were considered and their partial pressures calculated over a range of temperatures (600 to 3000K), the carrier gas environments (total pressure and ratio of H/sub 2//H/sub 2/O), and the total amount of FPs in the system. It was found that the major dependence of the concentration of the FPs was on the gas temperature, and a model was developed to predict the source of volatile FPs. The model showed that the FPs leaving the core region would condense in the cooler regions of the upper plenum and/or the primary system either on the cold surfaces or be transported furthermore » as aerosols.« less