Vapor Adsorption Index for Expansive Soil Classification

Abstract

A laboratory index defined as gravimetric water content at ambient relative humidity of 75% (w75) is proposed for qualitatively classifying the swelling potential of clays and clayey soils (e.g., low, moderate, high). The methodology is calibrated by comparison with existing plasticity-based and suction-based classification methodologies for a series of natural clays from Missouri and Colorado and clay mixtures prepared to represent a wide range of swelling potential. Procedures are described for obtaining w75 by placing samples in the headspace of an environmental chamber maintained under controlled humidity using a saturated NaCl solution. The proposed methodology has potential advantages over existing expansive soil classification methods because a large number of samples may be tested concurrently, no specialized testing equipment is required, and testing procedures may be readily automated. Measurements may be obtained in as little as 3–5days with coefficients of variation ranging from 5 to 25%.