Vanadium nitride induced method to construct cobalt sulfides homologous heterojunction toward ultrafast and high-capacity sodium-ion storage

Abstract

In recent years, heterojunction has attracted widespread attention as an anode for sodium-ion batteries since they can effectively optimize the materials’ rate performance and cycling stability. However, the advantage is choked by multi-element composition and stepwise synthesis process. Herein, cobalt sulfide (Co9S8/CoS) homologous heterojunction deposited at vanadium nitride/carbon nanofibers is synthesized as an excellent anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries in one step by employing the “3d-orbital electron complementary effect” combined with high-temperature heat-treatment technology. The Co9S8/CoS homologous heterojunction successfully overcomes the inherent drawback of Co9S8 and possesses an ultrafast charging/discharging process, outstanding reversible specific capacity, and remarkable rate capability. A systematic study reveals that vanadium nitride is a key trigger for forming Co9S8/CoS heterojunction. When used as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, it reaches a high specific capacity of 353.0 mAh/g at a current density of 10 A/g (615.8 mAh/g at a current density of 0.05 A/g) due to the presence of heterointerface. Theoretical calculations show that the construction of the heterostructure enhances the sodium-ion storage capacity and storage kinetics compared with pristine Co9S8. This discovery opens an interesting strategy for constructing homogeneous heterojunctions and broadens the horizons for designing energy storage and conversion materials.