Abstract
Vanadium (V) is essential element for poultry nutrition. Relatively low level of V (< 10 μg/kg of feed) is known to reduce both growth in chicks and Haugh unit value of eggs. The National Research Council (NRC) recommends the presence of very low levels of V in poultry diets, with the maximum tolerance level (MTL) being 10 mg/kg. Excessive vanadium in poultry diets has been shown to be detrimental to egg production, interior quality of eggs (albumen height), body weight and feed consumption. There is little information on the content of V in feedstuffs. Phosphates are known to be the cause of excessive V in various types of poultry diets. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the content of vanadium in phosphates and poultry feed. The samples were prepared by microwave wet digestion. Content of V was determined by the method of coupled plasma with mass spectrometry on the Agilent ICP-MS 7700. The concentrations of vanadium determined in the examined samples were above the minimum recommended levels for poultry feed, still not exceeding the maximum tolerable values.
Highlights
Inorganic elements find in the Earth’s crust are often referred to as minerals
We examined 10 samples of phosphates (monocalcium phosphate (MCP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP) of domestic producers and imported origin, 5 samples of imported fish meal and 10 samples of complete poultry feed of domestic producers)
Since the origin of phosphates was not taken into account during data interpretation in the cited studies (Table 2), the vanadium levels could not be directly compared with our research
Summary
The essential minerals/elements are those that have well-defined biochemical functions and must be in the diet of verterbrates for optimal health and productivity (NRC, 2005). In spite of relatively small share of minerals in poultry feed their role in normal metabolism is highly important. Microelement requirements are relatively low and daily amounts range from a microgram to one milligram. Accumulation of excessive amounts of microelements higher than those required for normal metabolic activity can induce intoxication symptoms. Some minerals are essential for health and productivity of animals and have well-defined nutritional and biochemical roles. Many other minerals naturally occur at trace levels in feed and tissues of animals but they are not typically suspected to play a useful nutritional purpose (NRC, 2005)
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