Abstract
High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels having low impact transition temperature are possible substitutes for costlier 2 1/2% and 3 1/2% nickel steels. The effects of solid solution strengthening, grain size and precipitation in ferrite on the strength and toughness of low-carbon steels and the special advantages of vanadium as an alloying element in HSLA steels, are discussed. An investigation has been carried out with 1.5% manganese low-carbon steels containing vanadium in the range 0.12% to 0.29% and 0.013% to 0.017% nitrogen. Room temperature tensile and sub-zero temperature impact tests down to−100° C, and a metallographic study to determine the grain sizes and pearlite contents of the steels normalized at different temperatures, have been carried out. Calculations are made with empirical equations for yield and tensile strengths and the values obtained are compared with those experimentally observed. The solubility products of vanadium carbide and vanadium nitride are calculated and compared with available data to throw light on the mechanism of strengthening of the steels.
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