Abstract
Emerging van der Waals materials exhibit a wide range of optical and electronic properties, making them attractive for nanophotonic devices. Due to the nature of van der Waals interactions, this new class of materials can be readily integrated with other existing nanophotonic structures, leading to novel device architectures and operating principles. In this review, we will present the progress of active nanophotonics, realized by integrating van der Waals materials with on-chip optical waveguides or resonators. Additionally, we will review the emerging research area in van der Waals nanophotonics, where the nanophotonic structures are fully made of van der Waals materials. A variety of van der Waals nanophotonic structures, ranging from ultrathin Fresnel lens, metasurfaces to photonic crystal cavities and their potential impacts on miniaturized optical system and quantum technology will be discussed.
Highlights
Integrated nanophotonics hold the key for ultimate miniaturization of optical devices, while simultaneously achieving energy-efficiency and high speed operation [1], with far-reaching impact on the next-generation optical information processing, communication and sensing systems
Low-dimensional materials, such as quantum confined structures hold great promise, primarily due to the enhanced density of states, leading to energy efficient and compact devices. One such low-dimensional material is atomically thick layered van der Waals materials. This new class of material are alluring for optoelectronics applications, as they have a wide range of optical band gap and electrical transport properties [9,10,11]
We review the current status of various active devices, including light emitters, modulators, photodetectors and nonlinear optical structures, enabled by van der Waals (vdW) or 2D materials integrated with nanophotonic structures, such as waveguides or nano-resonators
Summary
Integrated nanophotonics hold the key for ultimate miniaturization of optical devices, while simultaneously achieving energy-efficiency and high speed operation [1], with far-reaching impact on the next-generation optical information processing, communication and sensing systems. While novel device design and fabrication are necessary to advance this research field, a crucial component is new material systems to realize active devices, including light sources, modulator, detectors and nonlinear optical structures. In this regard, low-dimensional materials, such as quantum confined structures hold great promise, primarily due to the enhanced density of states, leading to energy efficient and compact devices. Low-dimensional materials, such as quantum confined structures hold great promise, primarily due to the enhanced density of states, leading to energy efficient and compact devices One such low-dimensional material is atomically thick layered van der Waals (vdW) materials. The future directions and challenges of vdW photonics are discussed
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