Abstract
Taking into account the recently developed van der Waals (VDW)-like equation of state (EoS) for grand canonical ensemble of fermions, the temperature-dependent profiles of normalized entropy density ($s/{T}^{3}$) and the ratio of shear viscosity and entropy density ($\ensuremath{\eta}/s$) for hadron resonance gas have been evaluated. The VDW parameters, corresponding to interactions between (anti)baryons, have been obtained by contrasting lattice EoS for QCD matter at finite chemical potentials (${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$) and for $T\ensuremath{\le}$ 160 MeV. The temperature- and chemical-potential-dependent study of $s/{T}^{3}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$ for hadron gas, by signaling onsets of first-order phase transition and crossover in the hadronic phase of QCD matter, helps in understanding the QCD phase diagram in the ($T,{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$) plane. An estimation of probable location of critical point matches predictions from other recent studies.
Highlights
Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) [1,2], the deconfined partonic phase of strongly interacting matter, is created in laboratories in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [3,4,5,6] and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [7]
The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter at nonzero μB, like the ones created [12] in heavy-ion c√ollisions at comparatively lower center-of-mass energies in the beam energy scan (BES) program at RHIC, is less understood
According to the present understanding of the QCD phase diagram in the (T, μB ) plane, at vanishing μB and at T, higher than that at a critical point, the changes between partonic and hadronic phases occur through a crossover [13,14]
Summary
Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) [1,2], the deconfined partonic phase of strongly interacting matter, is created in laboratories in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [3,4,5,6] and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [7]. Experiments at Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) [20] and J-PARC-HI at the Japanese proton synchrotron accelerator facility [21] will have heavy-ion collisions, creating high baryon density (μB ≈ 850 MeV) QCD matter While all these experiments aim to study the QCD phase boundary and to search for the possible QCD critical point in the nonzero, high μB range, theory supplement is not adequate yet, as reliable EoS for strongly interacting matter at high μB is still not possible directly from LQCD formulation. By studying temperature-dependent s/T 3 and η/s of hadron gas at varied μB, with a van der Waals form of EoS, contrasted with lattice EoS for QCD matter, the regions of the onset of phase transition or crossover can be identified and the region of probable QCD critical point can be estimated
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