Valvular and infection-associated risk factors as criteria to guide the use of echocardiography in patients with native joint infections

Abstract

BackgroundNative joint and bone infections (NJBI) are associated with infective endocarditis (IE) in 15% of cases. There are no studies analyzing the use of cardiac imaging in cases of NJBI. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with echocardiography suggestive of IE in patients with NJBI. MethodsThis medical records review was conducted in patients hospitalized for NJBI between 2007 and 2017 in Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases departments of 2 university hospitals. Patients included had a microbiologically proven NJBI during their hospitalization. ResultsIn this cohort of 546 patients, median age 66 years, echocardiography was suggestive of IE in 66 (12%). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with echocardiography suggestive of IE were 2 or more positive blood cultures (OR 11.55 (CI95% 3.24–74.20)), cardiac conditions with a high risk of IE (OR 7.34 (CI95% 2.95–18.61)), unknown heart murmur (OR 4.59 (CI95% 1.79–11.74)), multifocal infection (OR 2.26 (CI95% 1.21–4.23)) and an infection due to S. bovis (OR 3.52 (CI95% 1.26–9.79)). The factor associated with the absence of an echocardiography evocative of IE was infection due to unconventional bacteria for IE (OR 0.13 (CI95% 0.01–0.76)). According to the factors associated with echocardiography evocative of IE, we propose the Normandy score based on three kinds of data: cardiac condition, bacterial strain and NJBI mechanism. Echocardiography should be realized when this score, whose negative predictive value is 100% CI95% (98–100%) for prescription of echocardiography, is more than zero. ConclusionsA score based on valvular condition, bacterial strain and NJBI mechanism could guide clinicians in prescribing echocardiography during NJBI with an excellent negative predictive value.