Abstract
BackgroundMild cognitive impairment is a transitional stage prior to dementia, and it is reported in depressed patients. Early diagnosis could predict the reversible etiologies and prevent further deterioration. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment.ObjectiveWe aimed to study the difference of hippocampal and frontal white matter metabolites between patients with Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive impairment associated with depression, and if those metabolites can differentiate between them.Subjects and methodsGeriatric patients with cognitive impairment were recruited from neurology and psychiatry clinics. All subjects underwent comprehensive medical evaluations, neuropsychological testing, laboratory tests as well as brain MRI and 1H-MRS studies.ResultsThe present study included 85 subjects. Patients with MCI and AD had lower hippocampal NAA and NAA/Cr ratio than patients with depression and normal controls, while, frontal NAA and NAA/Cr ratio were lower in all patient’s subgroups compared to normal control.ConclusionHippocampal NAA and NAA/Cr ratio might help to differentiate between MCI and cognitive impairment associated with depression.
Highlights
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the commonest cause of cognitive impairment in the geriatric population
Hippocampal NAA and NAA/Cr ratio might help to differentiate between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive impairment associated with depression
Patients with AD and MCI had significantly lower hippocampal NAA than patients with cognitive impairment associated with depression and normal controls
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the commonest cause of cognitive impairment in the geriatric population. It affects more than 35.6 million people living with dementia worldwide [1]. The transitional stage prior to dementia is mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with preserved activities of daily life [2], 20% of them develop dementia yearly [3]. MCI is reported in about 38% of depressed patients [4]. Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional stage prior to dementia, and it is reported in depressed patients. Diagnosis could predict the reversible etiologies and prevent further deterioration. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment
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