Value of image enhancement and injection of contrast medium for right ventricular volume determination by two-dimensional echocardiography in congenital heart disease

Abstract

To determine factors that influence the accuracy of echocardiographically estimated right ventricular volume and to improve the echocardiographic input information by applying image enhancement techniques, quantitative contrast echocardiography (4-chamber view) and biplane angiocardiography were performed in 23 children during routine diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Volumes calculated on the basis of unprocessed and processed echocardiographic cross sections (area-length method and sphere model) underestimated angiocardiographic volumes significantly (p < 0.01), and more so in end-diastole (50.6%) than in end-systole (35.9%). Thus, ejection fraction was significantly (p < 0.01) underestimated; mean values were 0.48 ± 0.12 and 0.60 ± 0.08, respectively. The best comparison between echocardiography and angiocardiography at end-diastole was achieved with the sphere model using image enhancement techniques and injection of contrast media, where y = 0.54x − 6.8, r = 0.97, sy.x = 7.3. Correlations, however, in which unprocessed echocardiograms were used showed only slightly less good correlations. With the 6 image-enhancement techniques, a more homogeneous structure of the image and a more distinct outline of the internal surface was achieved. The statistical error improved only slightly. The echocardiographic 4-chamber view allows right ventricular volume determination with an acceptable accuracy. Its underestimation is related to inadequate visualization of trabeculations and mainly to the models used. Application of image enhancement techniques allows easier outlining of the internal cavity surface. The advantage gained by the combination of contrast injection and image enhancement techniques does not warrant the routine central injection of available contrast material.