Abstract
The article presents data on different forms of moderate cognitive impairments (MCI) and the specific features of their transformation to dementia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated in 60 patients with the amnestic and neurodynamic types of MCI, in 15 patients with vascular dementia (VD), 50 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and 23 patients with mixed vascular and neurodegenerative dementia (MVND). The specific features of β-amyloid and τ-protein concentrations were established in the preclinical stages of dementia, which reflects the main components of the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. In the amnestic form of MCI and AD, there was drastically decreased Aβ-42 and increased τ-protein levels in SCF. As cognitive impairments progressed, there was a rise in the concentration of τ-protein; its level correlated with the severity of dementia. In MND, the level of Aβ-42 was significantly reduced while the concentration of τ-protein was much increased; moreover, to a greater extent than in AD and VD. Cerebrovascular damage and neurodegeneration were related to each other and mutually worsened clinical and pathogenic effects.
Highlights
В статье приводятся данные о различных формах умеренных когнитивных нарушений (УКН) и особенностях их трансформации в деменцию
The specific features of β-amyloid and τ-protein concentrations were established in the preclinical stages of dementia, which reflects the main components of the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration
There was a rise in the concentration of τ-protein; its level correlated with the severity of dementia
Summary
В статье приводятся данные о различных формах умеренных когнитивных нарушений (УКН) и особенностях их трансформации в деменцию. Хотя показатель Аβ1-42 в ЦСЖ является достаточно специфичным для диагностики БА и УКН альцгеймеровского типа, некоторое его уменьшение наблюдается также и при СД, фронтотемпоральной деменции, болезни Крейтцфельда – Якоба, боковом амиотрофическом склерозе. Увеличение концентрации τ-белка в ЦСЖ неспецифично для БА, но в то же время коррелирует с тяжестью заболевания и выраженностью когнитивного дефицита [26].
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