Value of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Parameters in Evaluating K-W Nodule Formation in Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract

Objective To discuss the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)parameters in evaluating the formation of Kimmelstiel-Wilson(K-W)nodules in diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Sixty-two patients pathologically diagnosed with DN and undergoing CEUS in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from March 2017 to January 2020 were assigned into two groups according to whether K-W nodules were formed.The cortical CEUS parameters and the ratios of cortical to medullary CEUS parameters were compared between the two groups.Results The 62 patients included 19 patients without K-W nodules(group A)and 43 patients with K-W nodules(group B).The median rise time(U=209,P=0.013)and fall time(U=197,P=0.007)in group B were significantly longer than those in group A.The median wash-in rate(WiR)(U=228,P=0.031)and wash-out rate(WoR)(U=229,P=0.032)in group B were significantly lower than those in group A.The median peak enhancement(PE)1/PE2(U=224,P=0.026),WiR1/WiR2(U=235,P=0.041),and WoR1/WoR2(U=230,P=0.043)ratios in group B were significantly lower than those in group A.The median FT1/FT2 ratio in group B was significantly higher than that in group A(U=227,P=0.038).Conclusion CEUS parameters can be used to quantitatively evaluate renal cortical microperfusion in DN patients with K-W nodules.