Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate neovascularization of bovine xenografts implanted in intracorporeal sites of rabbits (bioreactors). 30 rabbits were used, divided into 6 groups, according to the evaluation time (7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days); each animal received xenogenic implants in 3 different intracorporeal sites (A1 - omentum bag; A2 - intermuscular space of quadriceps femoris; A3 - subperiosteal of ilium bone). Histological assessments graded the presence of angiogenesis, the number of inflammatory cells, newly formed bone tissue, and the presence of giant cells. Histological analyses showed intense angiogenesis in all implanted xenografts. Presence of inflammatory infiltrate and giant cells at the A1 implant site and presence of bone neoformation at the A3 implant site were noted. Degeneration of implants and formation of a fibrous capsule were noted. When comparing the interaction of the site with the days of evaluation, statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p≤0.05) in any time of neovascularization analysis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammatory cells of the omentum in its structure, may have contributed to the greater presence of neovessels and inflammatory cells, a fact that may indicate functionality as a possible bone substitute.
Highlights
Bone healing studies are increasingly emphasized in orthopedics, especially regarding the reduction in healing time, which is still a challenge (Croci et al, 2003)
Given the numerous challenges to perform complicated bone repairs, either due to the choice of technique or the financial cost associated with them, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the neovascularization capacity of bovine xenografts implanted in rabbit intracorporeal sites
With the formation of new vessels, we suggest that these implants that were previously housed in the bioreactors, may have a better osteoconductive and osteinductive capacity, since through the vessels the supply of oxygen, nutrients, pro-inflammatory factors, endothelial growth factors, among others it is guaranteed
Summary
Bone healing studies are increasingly emphasized in orthopedics, especially regarding the reduction in healing time, which is still a challenge (Croci et al, 2003). In Veterinary Orthopedics, this challenge is greater since cases of bone consolidation failures are common for various reasons inherent to the patient or technical failure. The in vivo bioreactor system has been extensively studied in materials engineering, with satisfactory results, as it increases cell adhesion and stimulates formation of tissue around the implant, producing better quality material than in vitro bioreactors (Stevens et al, 2005; Uriel et al, 2008; Huang et al, 2013). Bone grafts are considered ideal biomaterials as indicated in cases of osteomyelitis and non-union of fractures, because they stimulate consolidation, preservation of limbs, and complement corrective osteotomies (Keating and McQueen, 2001)
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