Évaluation du risque de maladie thromboembolique veineuse et de sa prévention chez des patients hospitalisés à Brazzaville

Abstract

To identify patients at risk of venous thromboembolism and to evaluate the use of preventive measures. A cross-sectional given-day observational and descriptive study was conducted among patients in the Brazzaville University Hospital. All hospitalized adult patients were included. Compliance with the recommendations of the American College of Chest Physicians (2004version) on the risk of venous thromboembolism and use of prevention was evaluated. The study included 292patients hospitalized from July 1to 4, 2014in eight medicine and four surgery and gynecology-obstetrics wards. The study population included 214 (73.3%) patients at risk of venous thromboembolism hospitalized in medicine (n=83, 38.7%), surgery (n=82, 38.3%), and gynecology-obstetrics (n=49, 23%) wards. There were 92men (43%) and 122women (57%), mean age 45.9±17.7years (range: 18-88). The risk of venous thromboembolism was low in 15patients (7%), moderate in 104patients (48.6%), and high in 95patients (44.4%). The main risk factors identified were: for surgical patients, long immobilization (42.6%) and age>40years (33.1%); for medical patients, long immobilization (24.7%) and age>60years (18.5%); for gynecology-obstetrics patients, age<60years (44%), multiparity (15.4%) and long immobilization (10.7%). One hundred sixty-nine patients (79%) had received one measure of prevention. There were 45 (54.2%) medical patients, 81 (99%) surgical patients and 43 (88%) gynecology-obstetrics patients. Pharmacological prevention was used in 97patients (57.4%), mechanical prevention in 33patients (19.5%), and the two types of prevention in 39patients (23.1%). The risk of venous thromboembolism is common in hospitalized patients in Brazzaville, and the need for prevention is perceived but poorly understood. It is therefore essential to improve our knowledge of venous thromboembolism and its prevention.