Valsalva Retinopathy Induced by Straining Due to Constipation

Abstract

Valsalva retinopathy is as the rupture of superficial capillaries secondary to an increase in retinal venous pressure, following a sudden change in intrathoracic or intra-abdominal pressure. The Valsalva maneuver is quite common in daily life and typical activities such as coughing hard, vomiting, straining, constipation, and sexual activity can all lead to it. We reported a rare case of multi-level hemorrhages by the Valsalva maneuver in an elderly female with hypertension after heavy straining due to constipation.