Abstract
Pain is a physiological but unpleasant reaction during nursing procedures. Also, to help a person grasp an internal or external threat, pain is regarded as an emotional sense and experience linked to tissue damage [1]. Several chemical mediators, including prostaglandin, histamine, and substance P, are released after tissue damage, causing pain to be transferred to the cerebral cortex via nerve fibers. The brain releases endorphins and alleviates or destroys the pain related to the stimulator [2]. Pain causes various complications such as hemodynamic changes, failure to seek treatment, fear, and anxiety in the patient [3, 4]. Various studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of different methods on pain management. These methods classify into pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management. Pharmacological pain management includes the use of EMLA cream, intradermal injection of lidocaine, and intravenous injection of fentanyl, ketamine, and propofol medications [5, 6].
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
