Abstract
Pain is a physiological but unpleasant reaction during nursing procedures. Also, to help a person grasp an internal or external threat, pain is regarded as an emotional sense and experience linked to tissue damage [1]. Several chemical mediators, including prostaglandin, histamine, and substance P, are released after tissue damage, causing pain to be transferred to the cerebral cortex via nerve fibers. The brain releases endorphins and alleviates or destroys the pain related to the stimulator [2]. Pain causes various complications such as hemodynamic changes, failure to seek treatment, fear, and anxiety in the patient [3, 4]. Various studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of different methods on pain management. These methods classify into pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management. Pharmacological pain management includes the use of EMLA cream, intradermal injection of lidocaine, and intravenous injection of fentanyl, ketamine, and propofol medications [5, 6].
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