Abstract
At present, people with today's busy lifestyle have a general trend of consuming fruit like banana passion fruit (Passiflora tripartita var. mollisima) as juices or smoothies, being an increasing tendency that can generate a large amount of agro-industrial residues. Whereby, food industries have a significant investment to minimize these wastes generated or devise alternatives of residue use. So, food researches are aimed to exploit these fruit waste. In this sense, this study has allowed the detection for the first time, in banana passion fruit shell, phytoprostanes (PhytoPs), oxylipins with multiple biological activities in humans. Furthermore, this study, with methodology used (LC-MS) allowed us to detect higher amount of these compounds (2318.63 ± 71.51 µg/100 g DW) than other vegetable matrices previously studied (macroalgae, olives or almonds, among others). In addition, we were able to identify 14 phenolic compounds (including cinnamoyl acid derivatives, flavonoid-O-glycoside, flavonoid-C-glycosides), not previously described in this matrix. Hence, this work increased the knowledge about the bioactive compounds profile of banana passion fruit shells and thereby to achieve a product with added value that may be used as natural source of bioactive compounds as alternative of synthetic substances in several industries of pharmaceutic or cosmetic fields.
Highlights
The banana passion fruit or known as "curuba" (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) is a native plant from the Andean region of America and is cultivated in Colombia between 2000 and 3000 m above the sea level, where the fruit is mainly consumed as juices or smoothies, generating a large amount of residues [1]
A total of seven PhytoPs were detected in shell samples of this fruit (Table 1), some of these compounds are formed as mixture of regio- and stereoisomers and these epimeric mixture were quantified as the sum of the enantiomers according with the methodology followed [16] using a UHPLC-QqQ-mass spectrometry tandem (MS/MS)
We detected the 9 series of the F1, D1- and L1-class and 16 series of B1- and F1-class that oscillated from 0.23 to 1978.60 μg/ 100 g dry weight (DW), being the 9 series of F1-PhytoP the dominant class of PhytoPs and the 9 series of the D1PhytoP class the minor amount (Table 1). These results are in accordance with those quantified in other vegetables matrices like macroalgae samples [23] or red wine/must [19] or gulupa shell [27] that were carried out using UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS
Summary
The banana passion fruit or known as "curuba" (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) is a native plant from the Andean region of America and is cultivated in Colombia between 2000 and 3000 m above the sea level, where the fruit is mainly consumed as juices or smoothies, generating a large amount of residues (mostly, fruit shells) [1]. Nowadays, in the food industries, the processing procedures can lead to one third of the production being discarded It results in high sums of waste materials or by-products (shells, seeds, leaves, stones, among others), disposal of these materials can be costly for the manufacturer and may have a negative impact on the environment [2]. The increase of these by-products generated by food companies had led researchers to search for viable alternatives in generating new products (additives or supplements) with high nutritional value [3]. Recycling of the by-products has been supported by the fact that these compounds (polyphenols) have been located in the fruit shells [7]
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