Abstract
Recently, the highly efficient production of value-added biobased chemicals from available, inexpensive, and renewable biomass has gained more and more attention in a sustainable catalytic process. Furfural is a versatile biobased chemical, which has been widely used for making solvents, lubricants, inks, adhesives, antacids, polymers, plastics, fuels, fragrances, flavors, fungicides, fertilizers, nematicides, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. In this work, ultrasonic-treated chestnut shell waste (UTS-CSW) was utilized as biobased support to prepare biomass-based heterogeneous catalyst (CSUTS-CSW) for transforming waste lignocellulosic materials into furfural. The pore and surface properties of CSUTS-CSW were characterized with BET, SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. In toluene–water (2:1, v:v; pH 1.0), CSUTS-CSW (3.6 wt%) converted corncob into furfural yield in the yield of 68.7% at 180 °C in 15 min. CSUTS-CSW had high activity and thermostability, which could be recycled and reused for seven batches. From first to seventh, the yields were obtained from 68.7 to 47.5%. Clearly, this biobased solid acid CSUTS-CSW could be used for the sustainable conversion of waste biomasses into furfural, which had potential application in future.
Highlights
IntroductionFurfural is among the important biobased chemicals, which can be transformed into various furan derivatives for making solvents, lubricants, inks, polymers, plastics, fragrances, antacids, fuels, adhesives, flavors, fungicides, fertilizers, nematicides, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
Chestnut shell waste (CSW) and ultrasonicsonic-treated CSW (US-CSW) were used as biobased supports for the preparation of sultreated CSW (US-CSW) were used as biobased supports for the preparation of sulfonated fonated tin-based heterogeneous catalyst CSUTS-CSW. These catalysts were determined tin-based heterogeneous catalyst CSUTS-CSW. These catalysts were determined with SEM, with SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and BET
It is of great interest to establish a highly efficient strategy for the conversion of available, inexpensive, and into value-added in a sustainable
Summary
Furfural is among the important biobased chemicals, which can be transformed into various furan derivatives for making solvents, lubricants, inks, polymers, plastics, fragrances, antacids, fuels, adhesives, flavors, fungicides, fertilizers, nematicides, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. It can be valorized into various valuable intermediates, such as furfuryl alcohol, furfurylamine, furoic acid, succinic acid and γ-valerolactone [12,13,14,15,16,17]. A clean and efficient catalytic system is required for furfural production in a sustainable and eco-friendly way
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