Abstract
Fast-accumulating scientific evidence from many studies has revealed that fruits and vegetables are the main source of bioactive compounds; in most cases, wastes and byproducts generated by the food processing industry present similar or a higher content of antioxidant compounds. In recent years, the ever-growing amount of agricultural and food wastes has raised serious concerns from an environmental point of view. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in finding new ways for their processing toward safely upgrading these wastes for recovering high-value-added products with a sustainable approach. Among food waste, the abundance of bioactive compounds in byproducts derived from tomato suggests possibility of utilizing them as a low-cost source of antioxidants as functional ingredients. This contribution gives an overview of latest studies on the extraction methods of carotenoids from tomato waste, along with an evaluation of their antioxidant activity, as well as their industrial applications.
Highlights
Biowaste products, which remain at the end of a certain production process, are a great resource which, if not reused, can be a cost for the industry that produces it, as well as an environmental problem
The results revealed that the polarity of the solvent plays a crucial role in the extraction process; the combination of acetone and ethyl acetate with cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes afforded an oleoresin with improved antioxidant properties, as well as the highest lycopene recovery (9.16 ± 3.00 mg/g oleoresin) and one of the highest red color intensities
In order to improve the extractability of carotenoids from tomato peels, Pataro et al [53] reported the use of a pulsed electric field (PEF) for the pretreatment of whole tomato fruits
Summary
Biowaste products, which remain at the end of a certain production process, are a great resource which, if not reused, can be a cost for the industry that produces it, as well as an environmental problem. Prokopov et al [43] suggested that the pretreatment of tomato peels with mixed cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes is a good approach for carotenoid recovery They showed that the pretreatment of Bulgarian tomato peels with a mixture of cellulase (100 U·g−1) and endo-xylanase (400 U·g−1) for 4 h at 50 ◦C resulted in an up to 1.6-fold increase in the carotenoid extraction yield. The results revealed that the polarity of the solvent plays a crucial role in the extraction process; the combination of acetone and ethyl acetate with cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes afforded an oleoresin with improved antioxidant properties, as well as the highest lycopene recovery (9.16 ± 3.00 mg/g oleoresin) and one of the highest red color intensities. Enzymatic methods are not yet totally exempt from hazardous solvents use and still have limited recovery yields of carotenoids [45]
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