Valorization of post-extraction biomass residues as carriers of bioavailable micronutrients for plants and livestock

Abstract

The potential of biosorption as a process of ions binding from solutions has not yet been fully exploited. So far, the works have focused predominantly on removing ions (heavy metals or dyes) from the solutions, mainly on a laboratory scale. The surface of biomass is rich in functional groups that can bind various ions, including microelements. Biomass enriched in this way can be a carrier of important nutrients for plants and animals. The paper aims to verify the possibility of using plant biomass—post-extraction residues as carriers of microelements for fertilization and nutritional purposes. A literature analysis was carried out concerning the application of biosorption for biomass valorization; in particular, the degree of biomass enrichment and the bioavailability of microelement preparations obtained were examined. Valorization of post-extraction residues is a part of the circular economy concept; it minimizes waste generation and enables the recovery of materials for other purposes. This application of biosorption is a new trend that has the potential to be used in the production of new fertilizers and supplements for precision agriculture.