Valorization of Organic Wastes to Reduce the Movement of Priority Substances Through a Semiarid Soil

Abstract

In this work, we examined the effect of two different organic wastes, composted sheep manure and coir, on the sorption, persistence, and mobility of three pesticides (alachlor, chlorfenvinphos, and chlorpyrifos) included as priority substances in European Directive 2013/39/EU. With this aim, leaching studies were conducted using disturbed soil columns filled with a typical agricultural soil (hipercalcic calcisol) from a semiarid area (southeastern Spain) to determine their potential for groundwater pollution. The three compounds were found in leachates of unamended soil although in different proportions: 53% (alachlor), 9% (chlorfenvinphos), and 6% (chlorpiryfos). The addition of organic wastes significantly increased the sorption of the studied pesticides. As a consequence, the half-lives of the studied pesticides were higher in amended than in unamended soils. A marked reduction of the amount recovered in leachates was observed in the amended soils, except for chlorpiryfos, whose recoveries barely changed. According to their potential groundwater pollution calculated as the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) index, alachlor and chlorfenvinphos show medium leachability while chlorpiryfos is unlikely to leach.