Abstract
The main objective of this work was to contribute to the reduction in the contamination of phenolic compounds contained in margin by an adsorption process on two types of raw bentonite. The margin used in the studies was collected from a semi-modern oil mill located in the Nador–Morocco region. The results of the physico-chemical analyses showed that the effluents of the oil mills showed that they are highly polluted, particularly in terms of the total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and iron content of around 154.82 (mg/L), and copper content of 31.72 (mg/L). The mineralogy of bentonites studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the existence of two types of montmorillonite; theoretically, the diffraction peak (001) of the montmorillonite appears at 15 Å, with a basal spacing that corresponds to a calcium pole, and the diffraction peak (001) appears at 12Å, with a basal spacing that corresponds to a sodium pole. The specific surface area of the bentonite used is characterized by a large specific surface area, varying between 127.62 m2·g−1 and 693.04 m2·g−1, which is due to the presence of hydrated interleaved cations. This surface is likely to increase in aqueous solution depending on the solid/liquid ratio that modulates the degree of hydration. With a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) (146.54 meq/100 g), samples of margin mixed with raw bentonites at different percentages vary between 5% and 100%. The potential of Moroccan bentonite for the phenol adsorption of 9.17 (g/L) from aqueous solutions was investigated. Adsorption tests have confirmed the effectiveness of these natural minerals in reducing phenolic compounds ranging from 8.72% to 76.23% contained in the margin and the efficiency of heavy metal retention through microelements on raw bentonites. The very encouraging results obtained in this work could aid in the application of adsorption for the treatment of margin.
Highlights
Oil mills are among the industries with significant pollution emissions following the extraction of olive oil [1]
The treatment and adsorption of margin on raw bentonite from Morocco was studied in an aqueous medium
This adsorption depends on the physicochemical parameters involved
Summary
Oil mills are among the industries with significant pollution emissions following the extraction of olive oil [1]. Morocco, characterized by a wealth of natural resources, is among the Mediterranean countries with the highest production of olive oil [2,3] This industry, so beneficial for the national economy, leaves polluting and toxic liquid discharges (margin) [4]. Adsorption is one of the techniques that are widely used for the removal of pollutants which can occur between a solid and a gas or between a solid and a liquid [10,11] It can be defined as the phenomenon of fixation of atoms or molecules on the surface of the solid by weak interaction forces of van der Waals type [12]. Bentonites can be used as adsorbents to respond to environmental problems [14,15,16]
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