Abstract
In the world of construction, cement plays a vital role, but despite its reputation and affordable prices, the cement industry faces multiple challenges due to pollution and sustainability concerns. This study aimed to assess the possibility of utilizing carbonated kimberlite tailings, a waste product from diamond mining, as a partial cement substitute in the preparation of concrete bricks. This is a unique opportunity to help close the gap between fundamental research in mineral carbonation and its industrial implementation to generate commercial products. Kimberlite was subjected to a mild thin-film carbonation process in a CO2 incubator at varying levels of CO2 concentration (10 vol% and 20 vol% at ambient pressure), kimberlite paste moisture content (10 wt% to 20 wt%), and chamber temperature (35 and 50 °C). The formation of magnesium carbonates, in the form of nesquehonite and lansfordite, was verified by X-ray diffraction analysis, and total CO2 uptake was quantified by thermal decomposition in furnace testing. Carbonated kimberlite tailings were then used to cast bricks. Replacement of cement between 10% and 20% were tested, with a constant water-to-binder ratio of 0.6:1, and a cementitious material-to-sand ratio of 1:3. Initial water absorption and 7- and 28-days compressive strength tests were carried out. The results obtained confirm the possibility of using carbonated kimberlite to replace cement partially, and highlight the benefits of carbonating the kimberlite for such application, and recommendations for future research are suggested. This study demonstrates the potential use of mining tailings to prototype the sequestration of CO2 into sustainable building materials to positively impact the increasing demand for cement-based products.
Highlights
A contemporary life without cement has been unimaginable for centuries
The cement industry performs an essential function in advancing living standards worldwide by generating numerous indirect and direct jobs, affording the associated industry with varied economic gains in cascade
The global cement industry has produced about 2.2 billion tonnes of CO2, and the calcination process accounts for more than half of that amount
Summary
The cement industry performs an essential function in advancing living standards worldwide by generating numerous indirect and direct jobs, affording the associated industry with varied economic gains in cascade. It has many advantages such as practicality, it is responsible for 8% of global CO2 emissions. The global cement industry has produced about 2.2 billion tonnes of CO2 , and the calcination process accounts for more than half of that amount. The third biggest national emitter after China and the United States of America would be the world cement industry [1]. The consumption of cement or other industrial binders raises greenhouse gas emissions because a typical cement plant generates embedded discharges of 0.95 kg CO2 kg−1 of Minerals 2020, 10, 611; doi:10.3390/min10070611 www.mdpi.com/journal/minerals
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