Abstract
The study focuses on the isolation of the two important macromolecules of plant, lignin, and cellulose microcrystals (CMC) from agro-waste (peanut shell) and evaluates their potential application in biofuel production and wastewater treatment. The extraction of CMC was a two-step pretreatment process carried out by utilizing Sodium hydroxide followed by bleaching with Sodium Hypochlorite. The result showed that about 0.39 g/g of cellulose (dry wt%) was extracted from peanut shell waste. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were considered for the characterization of cellulose and lignin. Also, besides, the saccharification and fermentation process was optimized. The maximum yield of reducing sugar was 3.16 mg/ml at pH (7) utilizing cellulose (5gm). A significant difference in bioethanol yield was observed between Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae producing (0.471 g/g) and (0.637 g/g) bioethanol respectively. The Kraft lignin (1.5 mg/ml) and cellulose left after bioethanol extraction (CLA) were further used for crystal violet dye removal. The maximum adsorption capacity shown by lignin was about 87.64% followed by cellulose with 69% removal, whereas for CLA the removal capacity was highest to 98.21%. The finding demonstrates the potential of extracted cellulose for bioethanol production, and the challenges of utilizing CLA and lignin in wastewater treatment.
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