Abstract
In this work, the adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB) over raw date pits (RDPs) as an inexpensive adsorbent has been examined. In addition, all parameters such as the adsorbent mass, solution pH, RDP particle size, RBB initial concentration, and temperature on the adsorption of RBB influencing the adsorption procedure were studied to provide fundamental information of the adsorption equilibrium. The characterization of RDP material is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Based on the calculation, the kinetic rate of the adsorption was well modeled by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm. Surface functional groups of RDP have substantially been influenced by the adsorption characteristics of RBB. The capacity of the adsorption has achieved 105 mg/g and a removal efficiency of 90.4% at 1.5 g/L RDP mass, 40 mg/L initial dye concentration, pH 2, temperature of 328 K, 40 µm particle size, and contact time of 50 min. The capacity of the adsorption could reach 198 mg/g by increasing the ionic strength of RBB solution. Desorption tests showed that RDP adsorbent has the disadvantage of losing efficiency while reusing for many cycles. However, it still abundant and inexpensive. Therefore, RDP can be used as a potential low-cost bioabsorbent for the elimination of RBB from wastewater.
Highlights
Pollution refers to the deterioration of the environment by unnatural materials, causing the disappearance of several species of animals, plants, as well as the appearance of new phenomena, which has harmful effects on human health, including global warming [1,2,3]. e effects of this pollution affect the air and the soil, and a large part of the water
Adsorbate. e dye considered in this study is Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB) analytical grade purchased for SigmaAldrich, it has the chemical formula C22H16N2Na2O11S3, and its maximum absorption band is located at the wavelength of 590 nm. e main problems associated with RBB dye in textile wastewaters are resistant to biodegradation, highly visible due to its bright color, even in very low concentration of dye (
It can be observed that diffractogram of bioadsorbent raw date pits (RDPs) does not exhibit a horizontal basic line and displayed the presence of little diffraction peaks. e broad diffraction peak located between 20° and 25° could be ascribed to carbon species according to the native cellulose (C6H12O6) and to xylane dehydrate (C10H12O9·2H2O) [49].On the contrary, the other few small diffraction peaks may be attributed to the presence of a small amount of crystalline matter. erefore, this result indicated that the major part of the matter is amorphous
Summary
Pollution refers to the deterioration of the environment by unnatural materials, causing the disappearance of several species of animals, plants, as well as the appearance of new phenomena, which has harmful effects on human health, including global warming [1,2,3]. e effects of this pollution affect the air and the soil, and a large part of the water. Dyes are used in many industrial sectors, such as textiles, paper, leather, food, and cosmetic industries [4].these industries consume huge quantities of water. Once those dyes are released, they cause significant damage to human health such as the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects [5,6,7,8] and changes in the aquatic environment [9] when they are discharged into the environment without or with insufficient treatment [10,11,12].
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