Abstract
Carrot pomace is the main waste residue obtained during carrot juice extraction. Plant tissues respond to abiotic stresses (i.e., wounding stress and ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation) by accumulating bioactive compounds. Due to the mechanical damage occurring during juice extraction, carrot pomace undergoes extreme wounding stress. In this study, the effects of UVC light (11.8 W m−2, 0–120 min) and storage time (48 h, 25 °C) on the accumulation of phenolics compounds and the antioxidant activity (AOX) of carrot pomace were evaluated. Carrot pomace that was non-treated with UVC (control) showed a 709.5% increase in total phenolics at 48 h. A high correlation of AOX values against total phenolics (R2 = 0.87) was observed, indicating that phenolics were the main contributors to the AOX of the tissue. After UVC treatment, the pomace that was radiated for 120 min with UVC showed an increase (40.4%) in chlorogenic acid (CHA) content. At 24 h, protocatechuic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, which were not detected before storage, showed accumulation by 166.5 mg/kg and 169.4 mg/kg, respectively, in UVC treated pomace. Chlorogenic acid showed the highest increase (143.6%) at 48 h in the control. Valorization of carrot pomace was achieved by increasing its concentration of antioxidant phenolics through UVC radiation.
Highlights
The global population is expected to grow from 7.7 billion in 2019 to 9.7 billion in 2050 [1]
The AOX of carrot pomace that is obtained after juice extraction was 5626 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) kg−1 (Figure 1B), which is low compared with other edible plant tissue such as green pepper (40,046 mg TE kg−1), broccoli (33,038 mg TE kg−1), and tomato (16,529 mg TE kg−1) [23]
The present study demonstrated that carrot pomace obtained after juice extraction produces phenolic compounds during storage due to the extreme wounding stresses to which the whole carrot tissue is subjected during juice extraction
Summary
The global population is expected to grow from 7.7 billion in 2019 to 9.7 billion in 2050 [1]. It would be interesting to find technologies that increase the bioactive compound content in plant food waste before further commercial use In this context, the application of controlled abiotic stresses (i.e., wounding stress, ultraviolet (UV) light, and modified atmospheres) in plant tissue induces the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with health-promoting properties [6,7]. The effects of UVC light (11.8 W m−2, 0, 30, 60, and 120 min) and storage time (48 h, 25 ◦C) on the accumulation of phenolics compounds and antioxidant activity (AOX) of carrot pomace were evaluated as tools to valorize the waste residue prior to its further use as a raw material for the extraction of nutraceuticals or for its conversion to a food ingredient
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