Abstract
Around 1.3 billion tonnes of food are wasted worldwide per year, which is originally produced under extensive use of energy and nutrients. Use of food waste as feedstock in biotechnological processes provides an innovative way to recover parts of the energy and nutrients initially spent on food production. By chemical and biological methods, food waste is hydrolysed to glucose, free amino nitrogen and phosphate, which are utilisable as nutrients by many microorganisms whose metabolic versatility enables the production of a wide range of products. Microalgae are particularly of interest as chemicals, materials and energy are obtainable from microalgal biomass after chemical and/or biological modifications. In this review, valorisation of food waste in biotechnological processes is presented as an additional option to green chemical technologies.
Highlights
One third of the food produced globally for human consumption is wasted yearly [1,2]
This review presents an overview of utilisation of food waste as feedstock in biotechnological processes, with focus on microalgae cultivation, as an additional option to valorisation by green chemical technologies [12]
This review reported approaches for the valorisation of food waste in biotechnological processes developed in recent years
Summary
One third of the food produced globally for human consumption is wasted yearly [1,2]. Another approach is the application of food waste as feedstock in cultivation of microorganisms This approach allows the recycling of waste matters consisting of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous compounds, by assimilation in biomass and metabolites of microorganisms, being used for production of chemicals, materials and energy. The energy demanding drying of biomass prior to lipid extraction can be skipped when supercritical carbon dioxide is used [63] Another approach to minimize energy demand, process steps and use of organic solvents is the direct or in situ transesterification (Table 3), which is the direct treatment of lipid containing biomass for production of biodiesel (FAMEs or FAEEs) by combining extraction and transesterification methods [64]. Remaining solids obtained after hydrolysis of food waste by Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae were found to be rich in lipids (~80%, w/w) and it is currently under investigation as feedstock for production of biodiesel in our laboratory
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