Validity of the two-level approximation in the interaction of few-cycle light pulses with atoms

Abstract

The validity of the two-level approximation (TLA) in the interaction of atoms with few-cycle light pulses is studied by investigating a simple $\mathsf{V}$-type three-level atom model. Even the transition frequency between the ground state and the third level is far away from the spectrum of the pulse; this additional transition can make the TLA inaccuracy. For a sufficiently large transition frequency or a weak coupling between the ground state and the third level, the TLA is a reasonable approximation and can be used safely. When decreasing the pulse width or increasing the pulse area, the TLA will give rise to non-negligible errors compared with the precise results.